First, there is the type known as private mortgage insurance, or PMI as it's known in lending circles.

If you are buying a home and putting up a downpayment of less than 20 percent of the home's value, then generally you don't have a choice of whether to buy this type of insurance. The lender requires it.   Why? Because PMI isn't there to protect you -- it's there to protect the insurer in the event you default on your home loan and the lender isn't able to re-sell your home for enough money to pay off the mortgage.   The cost of PMI varies, but a rule of thumb is about one half of one percent of the loan amount.

In years past, some lenders would continue to collect PMI premiums even after the mortgage balance had fallen to well below 80 percent of the home's original value. But Congress passed the Homeowners Protection Act of 1998, which allows homeowners to request that the lender cancel PMI when the mortgage loan-to-value ratio falls to 80 percent and requires the lender to cancel it when the ratio falls to 78 percent.

By the way, appreciation in the home's value isn't taken into account in calculating this ratio -- only the decline in the mortgage balance counts.

There are also some other qualifications that may affect your ability to cancel PMI.

Mortgage life insurance

The second type of mortgage insurance is the type that usually goes by the name mortgage life insurance.

Here, you're being offered the chance to buy an insurance policy that will repay your mortgage in the event of your death, disability or some incapacitating disease.  This offer -- typically by mail -- often comes from your lender or an insurance company affiliated with that lender.   This type of insurance is purely voluntary, however, so the question is, should you buy?

It rarely makes sense to buy insurance for narrow reasons -- to insure against a specific disease or a single calamity or to provide funds to pay off a single liability, in this case your mortgage.

In the case of life insurance, for example, you're much better off analyzing your overall insurance need based on what kind of liabilities your spouse or other dependents would face and how much income they would have to replace if you were gone, and then buying enough insurance to meet that need.  The fact is, if you died tomorrow, your dependents would need to replace your income for a variety of reasons, not just to pay the mortgage.

Indeed, it might not even make sense to pay off the mortgage. Your spouse or other survivors might be better off continuing to pay the loan -- assuming that's possible -- and putting insurance proceeds to other purposes.  In other words, you should take your overall financial picture into account when buying life insurance.   And the way you should do that is to have a financial planner or life insurance agent perform what's known as a "needs analysis."   Of course, that leaves the question of what type of insurance you should buy -- whole life, term, etc. -- and the issue of how to shop for the best price for a policy.

The same goes for disability insurance. You should consider a long-term disability insurance policy not just because you have an outstanding mortgage, but because you would likely need to generate income for a variety of reasons even if you were disabled and unable to work.

All of this is not to say there isn't ever a situation in which mortgage life insurance might make sense. Since these policies are usually being mass marketed by mail, the health standards you must meet to buy one of them is usually much lower than for a regular life insurance policy.

So if you're in poor health and would likely face higher than usual premiums -- or might not qualify for a policy at all -- then you may want to consider a mortgage life insurance policy.  Even then, however, you'll want to check the policy's fine print for restrictions on covering pre-existing conditions as well or other qualifications that might restrict a payoff after your death.

Barring such a scenario, you're almost always better off taking a more holistic view of your insurance needs and then doing some careful shopping for a policy rather than signing up for a policy offered in an unsolicited pitch via mail.

One should consult with a qualified insurance professional prior to implementing any insurance strategies.

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